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How Do We Scale Up AI?

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Traditional Scaling Laws Hit Limits

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Power Crisis

4-16 GW by 2030
Enough to power entire cities
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Data Depletion

Depleted by 2026-2028
Quality text data exhausted
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Performance Plateau

GPT-5 delayed >1 year
Early training runs failed

⚠️ Inference-time scaling

No universal way to leverage improvements & address limitations
The New Paradigm:
Model → Agent → Multi-Agent Systems