---
summary: "Complete reference for CLI onboarding flow, auth/model setup, outputs, and internals"
read_when:
  - You need detailed behavior for openclaw onboard
  - You are debugging onboarding results or integrating onboarding clients
title: "CLI Onboarding Reference"
sidebarTitle: "CLI reference"
---

# CLI Onboarding Reference

This page is the full reference for `openclaw onboard`.
For the short guide, see [Onboarding Wizard (CLI)](/start/wizard).

## What the wizard does

Local mode (default) walks you through:

- Model and auth setup (OpenAI Code subscription OAuth, Anthropic API key or setup token, plus MiniMax, GLM, Ollama, Moonshot, and AI Gateway options)
- Workspace location and bootstrap files
- Gateway settings (port, bind, auth, tailscale)
- Channels and providers (Telegram, WhatsApp, Discord, Google Chat, Mattermost plugin, Signal)
- Daemon install (LaunchAgent or systemd user unit)
- Health check
- Skills setup

Remote mode configures this machine to connect to a gateway elsewhere.
It does not install or modify anything on the remote host.

## Local flow details

<Steps>
  <Step title="Existing config detection">
    - If `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json` exists, choose Keep, Modify, or Reset.
    - Re-running the wizard does not wipe anything unless you explicitly choose Reset (or pass `--reset`).
    - CLI `--reset` defaults to `config+creds+sessions`; use `--reset-scope full` to also remove workspace.
    - If config is invalid or contains legacy keys, the wizard stops and asks you to run `openclaw doctor` before continuing.
    - Reset uses `trash` and offers scopes:
      - Config only
      - Config + credentials + sessions
      - Full reset (also removes workspace)
  </Step>
  <Step title="Model and auth">
    - Full option matrix is in [Auth and model options](#auth-and-model-options).
  </Step>
  <Step title="Workspace">
    - Default `~/.openclaw/workspace` (configurable).
    - Seeds workspace files needed for first-run bootstrap ritual.
    - Workspace layout: [Agent workspace](/concepts/agent-workspace).
  </Step>
  <Step title="Gateway">
    - Prompts for port, bind, auth mode, and tailscale exposure.
    - Recommended: keep token auth enabled even for loopback so local WS clients must authenticate.
    - In token mode, interactive onboarding offers:
      - **Generate/store plaintext token** (default)
      - **Use SecretRef** (opt-in)
    - In password mode, interactive onboarding also supports plaintext or SecretRef storage.
    - Non-interactive token SecretRef path: `--gateway-token-ref-env <ENV_VAR>`.
      - Requires a non-empty env var in the onboarding process environment.
      - Cannot be combined with `--gateway-token`.
    - Disable auth only if you fully trust every local process.
    - Non-loopback binds still require auth.
  </Step>
  <Step title="Channels">
    - [WhatsApp](/channels/whatsapp): optional QR login
    - [Telegram](/channels/telegram): bot token
    - [Discord](/channels/discord): bot token
    - [Google Chat](/channels/googlechat): service account JSON + webhook audience
    - [Mattermost](/channels/mattermost) plugin: bot token + base URL
    - [Signal](/channels/signal): optional `signal-cli` install + account config
    - [BlueBubbles](/channels/bluebubbles): recommended for iMessage; server URL + password + webhook
    - [iMessage](/channels/imessage): legacy `imsg` CLI path + DB access
    - DM security: default is pairing. First DM sends a code; approve via
      `openclaw pairing approve <channel> <code>` or use allowlists.
  </Step>
  <Step title="Daemon install">
    - macOS: LaunchAgent
      - Requires logged-in user session; for headless, use a custom LaunchDaemon (not shipped).
    - Linux and Windows via WSL2: systemd user unit
      - Wizard attempts `loginctl enable-linger <user>` so gateway stays up after logout.
      - May prompt for sudo (writes `/var/lib/systemd/linger`); it tries without sudo first.
    - Runtime selection: Node (recommended; required for WhatsApp and Telegram). Bun is not recommended.
  </Step>
  <Step title="Health check">
    - Starts gateway (if needed) and runs `openclaw health`.
    - `openclaw status --deep` adds gateway health probes to status output.
  </Step>
  <Step title="Skills">
    - Reads available skills and checks requirements.
    - Lets you choose node manager: npm or pnpm (bun not recommended).
    - Installs optional dependencies (some use Homebrew on macOS).
  </Step>
  <Step title="Finish">
    - Summary and next steps, including iOS, Android, and macOS app options.
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Note>
If no GUI is detected, the wizard prints SSH port-forward instructions for the Control UI instead of opening a browser.
If Control UI assets are missing, the wizard attempts to build them; fallback is `pnpm ui:build` (auto-installs UI deps).
</Note>

## Remote mode details

Remote mode configures this machine to connect to a gateway elsewhere.

<Info>
Remote mode does not install or modify anything on the remote host.
</Info>

What you set:

- Remote gateway URL (`ws://...`)
- Token if remote gateway auth is required (recommended)

<Note>
- If gateway is loopback-only, use SSH tunneling or a tailnet.
- Discovery hints:
  - macOS: Bonjour (`dns-sd`)
  - Linux: Avahi (`avahi-browse`)
</Note>

## Auth and model options

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Anthropic API key">
    Uses `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` if present or prompts for a key, then saves it for daemon use.
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Anthropic OAuth (Claude Code CLI)">
    - macOS: checks Keychain item "Claude Code-credentials"
    - Linux and Windows: reuses `~/.claude/.credentials.json` if present

    On macOS, choose "Always Allow" so launchd starts do not block.

  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Anthropic token (setup-token paste)">
    Run `claude setup-token` on any machine, then paste the token.
    You can name it; blank uses default.
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="OpenAI Code subscription (Codex CLI reuse)">
    If `~/.codex/auth.json` exists, the wizard can reuse it.
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="OpenAI Code subscription (OAuth)">
    Browser flow; paste `code#state`.

    Sets `agents.defaults.model` to `openai-codex/gpt-5.4` when model is unset or `openai/*`.

  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="OpenAI API key">
    Uses `OPENAI_API_KEY` if present or prompts for a key, then stores the credential in auth profiles.

    Sets `agents.defaults.model` to `openai/gpt-5.1-codex` when model is unset, `openai/*`, or `openai-codex/*`.

  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="xAI (Grok) API key">
    Prompts for `XAI_API_KEY` and configures xAI as a model provider.
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="OpenCode">
    Prompts for `OPENCODE_API_KEY` (or `OPENCODE_ZEN_API_KEY`) and lets you choose the Zen or Go catalog.
    Setup URL: [opencode.ai/auth](https://opencode.ai/auth).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="API key (generic)">
    Stores the key for you.
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Vercel AI Gateway">
    Prompts for `AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY`.
    More detail: [Vercel AI Gateway](/providers/vercel-ai-gateway).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Cloudflare AI Gateway">
    Prompts for account ID, gateway ID, and `CLOUDFLARE_AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY`.
    More detail: [Cloudflare AI Gateway](/providers/cloudflare-ai-gateway).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="MiniMax M2.5">
    Config is auto-written.
    More detail: [MiniMax](/providers/minimax).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Synthetic (Anthropic-compatible)">
    Prompts for `SYNTHETIC_API_KEY`.
    More detail: [Synthetic](/providers/synthetic).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Ollama (Cloud and local open models)">
    Prompts for base URL (default `http://127.0.0.1:11434`), then offers Cloud + Local or Local mode.
    Discovers available models and suggests defaults.
    More detail: [Ollama](/providers/ollama).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Moonshot and Kimi Coding">
    Moonshot (Kimi K2) and Kimi Coding configs are auto-written.
    More detail: [Moonshot AI (Kimi + Kimi Coding)](/providers/moonshot).
  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Custom provider">
    Works with OpenAI-compatible and Anthropic-compatible endpoints.

    Interactive onboarding supports the same API key storage choices as other provider API key flows:
    - **Paste API key now** (plaintext)
    - **Use secret reference** (env ref or configured provider ref, with preflight validation)

    Non-interactive flags:
    - `--auth-choice custom-api-key`
    - `--custom-base-url`
    - `--custom-model-id`
    - `--custom-api-key` (optional; falls back to `CUSTOM_API_KEY`)
    - `--custom-provider-id` (optional)
    - `--custom-compatibility <openai|anthropic>` (optional; default `openai`)

  </Accordion>
  <Accordion title="Skip">
    Leaves auth unconfigured.
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

Model behavior:

- Pick default model from detected options, or enter provider and model manually.
- Wizard runs a model check and warns if the configured model is unknown or missing auth.

Credential and profile paths:

- OAuth credentials: `~/.openclaw/credentials/oauth.json`
- Auth profiles (API keys + OAuth): `~/.openclaw/agents/<agentId>/agent/auth-profiles.json`

Credential storage mode:

- Default onboarding behavior persists API keys as plaintext values in auth profiles.
- `--secret-input-mode ref` enables reference mode instead of plaintext key storage.
  In interactive onboarding, you can choose either:
  - environment variable ref (for example `keyRef: { source: "env", provider: "default", id: "OPENAI_API_KEY" }`)
  - configured provider ref (`file` or `exec`) with provider alias + id
- Interactive reference mode runs a fast preflight validation before saving.
  - Env refs: validates variable name + non-empty value in the current onboarding environment.
  - Provider refs: validates provider config and resolves the requested id.
  - If preflight fails, onboarding shows the error and lets you retry.
- In non-interactive mode, `--secret-input-mode ref` is env-backed only.
  - Set the provider env var in the onboarding process environment.
  - Inline key flags (for example `--openai-api-key`) require that env var to be set; otherwise onboarding fails fast.
  - For custom providers, non-interactive `ref` mode stores `models.providers.<id>.apiKey` as `{ source: "env", provider: "default", id: "CUSTOM_API_KEY" }`.
  - In that custom-provider case, `--custom-api-key` requires `CUSTOM_API_KEY` to be set; otherwise onboarding fails fast.
- Gateway auth credentials support plaintext and SecretRef choices in interactive onboarding:
  - Token mode: **Generate/store plaintext token** (default) or **Use SecretRef**.
  - Password mode: plaintext or SecretRef.
- Non-interactive token SecretRef path: `--gateway-token-ref-env <ENV_VAR>`.
- Existing plaintext setups continue to work unchanged.

<Note>
Headless and server tip: complete OAuth on a machine with a browser, then copy
`~/.openclaw/credentials/oauth.json` (or `$OPENCLAW_STATE_DIR/credentials/oauth.json`)
to the gateway host.
</Note>

## Outputs and internals

Typical fields in `~/.openclaw/openclaw.json`:

- `agents.defaults.workspace`
- `agents.defaults.model` / `models.providers` (if Minimax chosen)
- `tools.profile` (local onboarding defaults to `"coding"` when unset; existing explicit values are preserved)
- `gateway.*` (mode, bind, auth, tailscale)
- `session.dmScope` (local onboarding defaults this to `per-channel-peer` when unset; existing explicit values are preserved)
- `channels.telegram.botToken`, `channels.discord.token`, `channels.signal.*`, `channels.imessage.*`
- Channel allowlists (Slack, Discord, Matrix, Microsoft Teams) when you opt in during prompts (names resolve to IDs when possible)
- `skills.install.nodeManager`
- `wizard.lastRunAt`
- `wizard.lastRunVersion`
- `wizard.lastRunCommit`
- `wizard.lastRunCommand`
- `wizard.lastRunMode`

`openclaw agents add` writes `agents.list[]` and optional `bindings`.

WhatsApp credentials go under `~/.openclaw/credentials/whatsapp/<accountId>/`.
Sessions are stored under `~/.openclaw/agents/<agentId>/sessions/`.

<Note>
Some channels are delivered as plugins. When selected during onboarding, the wizard
prompts to install the plugin (npm or local path) before channel configuration.
</Note>

Gateway wizard RPC:

- `wizard.start`
- `wizard.next`
- `wizard.cancel`
- `wizard.status`

Clients (macOS app and Control UI) can render steps without re-implementing onboarding logic.

Signal setup behavior:

- Downloads the appropriate release asset
- Stores it under `~/.openclaw/tools/signal-cli/<version>/`
- Writes `channels.signal.cliPath` in config
- JVM builds require Java 21
- Native builds are used when available
- Windows uses WSL2 and follows Linux signal-cli flow inside WSL

## Related docs

- Onboarding hub: [Onboarding Wizard (CLI)](/start/wizard)
- Automation and scripts: [CLI Automation](/start/wizard-cli-automation)
- Command reference: [`openclaw onboard`](/cli/onboard)